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As he was enslaved by William Clark, he participated as a full member of the expedition & was present when the expedition reached the Pacific Ocean.

What’s the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

It was an expedition, led by Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark, during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, to explore the American Northwest, newly purchased from France. (Louisiana Purchase).His name was York and thus he became the first black man to cross the North American continent.York was known for his skill in scouting, hunting, field medicine and manual labor in extreme weather conditions. Lewis had noted in his journal how York had saved him from certain death from a grizzly bear during the expedition.

In 1804, Clark took York when he joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition. York was a large, strong man who shared the duties & risks of the expedition, and was the only black member of the Expedition.The Native Nations treated York with respect, and he played a key role in diplomatic relations, mainly due to his dark skin.After the expedition returned, every member received money and land for their services, every member except York. York asked Clark for his freedom based upon his good service during the expedition, and Clark refused.

York pleaded to be reunited with his wife, who was enslaved in Louisville; he even offered to work in Louisville and send Clark all his earnings. Clark still refused, and sold York to a brutal master in 1811, where he remained enslaved at least until 1816.A statue of York, by sculptor Ed Hamilton, with plaques commemorating the Lewis and Clark Expedition and his participation in it, stands at Louisville's Riverfront Plaza/Belvedere, next to the wharf on the Ohio River.

US military authorities demanded the town’s pubs impose a colour bar, the local landlords responded with signs that read “Black Troops Only” which pissed them off.In 1943 Black American soldiers faced off with white American Military police during World War 2 on British soil. Black American soldiers had to fight their own white American soldiers, while in England, where they were fighting the world war.Why? Because the town, Bamber Bridge in Lancashire wasnt segregated so they treated the black soldiers like all other races, BUT back in America segregation still existed so essentially the American army went to someone else’s country & demanded they adopt their racist practices

So when the American Military police found out that their own black soldiers were drinking at the same pubs as white people, they went in to arrest them. The people in the town got mad about that treatment and decided to then turn their pubs into “BLACKS ONLY DRINKING PUBS”This pissed off the American military so guns went blazing & when word spread back at camp that black soldiers had been shot, scores of men formed a crowd, some carrying rifles and by midnight more American military police arrived with a machine gun-equipped vehicle.

The black soldiers also had no choice but to get rifles from British stores while others barricaded themselves back on base, so now it was American white soldiers verzuz American black soldiers.This lead to the death of 1 solider, injury of 7, and 32 convictions.Back in America the battle was hushed up because they didn’t want the country to find out that they were fighting their own soldiers which would anger the black population and weaken the morale in the country

Early in 1962, Nelson Mandela was smuggled across the borders of South Africa. He was granted an Ethiopian passport by Haile Selassie, and classified as a journalist, under the name David Motsamayi, which allowed him to travel the region. On 11 January made a surprise appearance at the Pan-African Freedom Movement Conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Mandela's address to the conference took place a few weeks after the first sabotage attacks were committed by uMkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), also known as MK, which was the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC).

In his speech, he clarified and justified the turn to the armed struggle. During this trip, Mandela received guerrilla training in Algeria before travelling to London where he met leaders of British opposition parties. He returned to South Africa in July, and on 5 August was arrested near Howick in Natal. Mandela was tried in Pretoria's Old Synagogue and during this trial, he decided to conduct his own defence with Bob Hepple acting as his legal representative. He also applied for the recusal of the magistrate because as a white person he was already an interested party and therefore not impartial. He pointed out that he was not obligated to obey the laws of a white parliament, which did not represent him, and the rest of Black South Africans.

In November 1962, Mandela was sentenced to five years' imprisonment for incitement and illegally leaving the country. He served this sentence on Robben Island. 

Ethiopia's 'Abuna Yemata Guh' is arguably the most inaccessible place of worship on earth and has to be climbed on foot to reach. Located in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia, this ancient rock-hewn church stands atop a vertical cliff, perched at an elevation of around 2,580 meters (8,460 feet). It is considered one of the most inaccessible and challenging religious sites to reach in the world. The construction of rock-hewn churches in Ethiopia has a long history dating back to the 4th century AD, during the time of the Aksumite Empire.

These churches were built by carving into solid rock formations, creating impressive architectural masterpieces. The rock-hewn churches served as centers of religious devotion and provided shelter during times of conflict. Abuna Yemata Guh is believed to have been carved out of the cliff face during the 5th century, making it over 1,500 years old. It is dedicated to Saint Yemata, a legendary Ethiopian saint who is said to have meditated and prayed in this secluded location. The church is named after Abuna (meaning "father" in Amharic) Yemata,

who was a prominent Ethiopian religious leader. What makes Abuna Yemata Guh particularly notable is the challenging ascent required to reach it. Pilgrims and visitors must hike up a steep and narrow footpath, navigating rugged terrain and exposed ledges.The ascent involves scrambling up the cliff face, sometimes using ropes for support. This arduous journey symbolizes a spiritual pilgrimage, testing the devotion and commitment of those seeking solace and connection with their faith. Despite its remote and inaccessible location,

Abuna Yemata Guh has attracted attention in recent years as a testament to Ethiopia's rich cultural heritage and architectural prowess. It is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of the enduring faith and determination of the Ethiopian people.Furthermore, the Tigray region, where Abuna Yemata Guh is situated, has witnessed significant historical and cultural events throughout the centuries. It has been a center of religious and political power, with various empires and kingdoms rising and falling in the region.

Today, Tigray is home to a diverse population, including the Tigrayan people, who have their unique language, culture, and traditions. In recent years, the Tigray region has faced challenging times due to internal conflicts and humanitarian crises, making access to sites like Abuna Yemata Guh more difficult. Nevertheless, the church continues to be a testament to Ethiopia's rich history and the resilience of its people, reminding us of the enduring power of faith and the importance of preserving cultural heritage.

Tasmania is an island located about 200 miles off the southeast coast of Australia. Archaeologists estimate that Black indigenous people crossed into the island on an ancient bridge which connected Tasmania to the continent of Australia. The peace and harmony that they enjoyed for years was disrupted in 1642 when the first Europeans arrived on the Island. A Dutch navigator, named Abel Jansen, was the one who led the expedition. In typical white explorer manner, he was quick to name the Island after the governor-general of the Dutch East India Company, Anthony Van Diemen and without the consent of the owners of the land, they continued to call the Island Van Diemen till 1855.

Before 1855, the British, as they scouted the world for lands to conquer & loot, reached the Island in 1777 and invaded the land and turned it into a settlement for their prisoners and convicted criminals. By 1804, the British colonial government & their convicts started to slaughter and murder the Tasmanians in cold blood because they didn’t consider the Aborigines to be full humans. They followed the lies of European scholars who twisted human history, placing Caucasians at the top of the pyramid and placing Black people at the bottom. Their mission was total annihilation of the Black race & they wasted no time in decimating the Tasmania population.

They did not just sit back & watch the invaders destroy them. They put up a strong resistance. The British declared war & named the genocide “The Black War of Van Dieman’s Land”.This war lasted for 27 years, between 1803 and 1830. And in those evil years, the Black population of Tasmania was reduced from over 5,000 to less than 75 people.

In 1959, police were called to a segregated library when a Black 9-year-old boy trying to check out books refused to leave, after being told the library was not for Black people. The boy, Ronald McNair, went on to became an astronaut. The library is also now named after him.

Ronald McNair was 9 when a South Carolina librarian told him he could not check out books from a segregated library in 1959. Refusing to leave, a determined McNair sat on the counter while the librarian called the police, as well McNair's mother. The police arrived, told the librarian to let the young boy have his books, and McNair walked out alongside his mother and brother. McNair went on to earn his Ph.D. in physics at MIT and became one of the first African Americans selected as astronauts by NASA, alongside Guion S. Bluford, Jr. and Frederick Gregory. McNair's first spaceflight was the STS-41B mission, aboard the "Challenger" shuttle.

He successfully maneuvered the robotic arm, which allowed astronaut Bruce McCandless to perform the first space walk without being tethered to the spacecraft. The second space flight for McNair would be his last. He, along with six other NASA astronauts, were aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger when it exploded 73 seconds after takeoff in 1986. Everyone on board the shuttle was killed. Today, the library in South Carolina where McNair was refused books is named after the heroic boy determined to make a difference.

They were two albino brothers; In 1899 they were kidnapped as boys in Truevine, Virginia by bounty hunters and were forced into the circus, labeled as “freak show” performers. Their owners showcased the brothers in circuses where they were exploited for profit in so-called freak shows. The Muse Brothers became famous across the United States as “Eko and Iko”, the “White Ecuadorian Cannibals”, the “Sheep Headed Men”, the “Sheep Headed Cannibals”, the “Ministers from Dahomey” and “Ambassadors from Mars”. George and Willie were forced to grow their hair into massive “dreadlocks“ which together with their white skin and bluish eyes were exhibited as rarities.

They were also billed as “Darwin’s Missing Links” and “Nature’s Greatest Mistakes”. The boys were not permitted to go to school, neither were they paid for their work. They were literally kept in slavery. One of their owners had found that George and Willie harboured the ability to play any song on almost any instrument, from the xylophone to the saxophone and mandolin, and that made them even more famous and more valuable ‘assets’ to owners of travelling circuses. However, after all this time, their illiterate mother had not ceased looking for her boys. In the fall of 1927, the brothers were on a tour with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus to Roanoke, little did the boys know they were coming home from which they had disappeared nearly three decades back.

It came to their mother’s attention that the The Greatest Show On Earth was in town and she was determined to find them. It was a tough decision to confront the Ringling Brothers who were powerful multimillionaires who also had the attention of the heavyweight politicians and law enforcement agencies. Their mother tracked them down and eventually found the boys working for the Ringling Brothers circus and surprised them while they were on stage and their family reunited, 28 years later since they had gone missing in the very same town. The poor and powerless black woman stood up to police and big shot circus owners and successfully took her sons home.

During the 1940s it was rare for a black person to have control over large amounts of land.In 1944, a group of white men brutally lynched Rev. Isaac Simmons, a Black minister & farmer, so they could steal his land in Amite County, Mississippi which was over 270 acres.In the 1940s, Simmons controlled approxmately 270 acres or more of debt-free land, some of which had been owned by the family since 1887. He and other relatives farmed the property and lived on it in relative peace.In 1941, rumors about oil spread across Southwest Mississippi, and a few white men, thinking there might be oil on it, began to make claims on the Simmons land.

Concerned that his family might lose its property, Simmons contacted an attorney. A few weeks after he hired the lawyer, two men approached Simmons and ordered him to stop cutting timber on his property.The men also wanted the medicinal formula that Simmons, who served as the local medicine man, had created to treat a livestock disease. Simmons refused to comply with the men.A few weeks later a group of six men dragged Simmons from his home, beat him and then shot him to death.

According to Simmons’ son, who was abducted and beaten at the same time but survived, the men called Simmons a “smart N—r” because he had consulted a lawyer.They drove both Simmons men further onto the property and ordered Rev. Simmons out of the car, then killed him brutally–shooting him 3 times and cutting out his tongue. The men let Eldridge Simmons go,but told him he and his relatives had ten days to abandon the family property.